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Qalabka Boston Materials iyo Arkema ayaa daaha ka qaaday taariko cusub oo laba-cirifoodka ah, halka cilmi-baarayaasha Maraykanku ay soo saareen nikkel iyo bir-ku-saleysan koronto-ka-talo-gal ka sameysan naxaas-cobalt oo loogu talagalay koronto-sidaha biyaha badda ee waxtarka sare leh.

Xigasho: Boston Materials

Qalabka Boston Materials iyo Khabiir ku takhasusay agabka horumarsan ee fadhigiisu yahay magaalada Paris ee Arkema ayaa daaha ka qaaday taarikada cusub ee laba-cirifoodka oo lagu sameeyay 100% fiber kaarboon ah, taas oo kordhinaysa awoodda unugyada shidaalka. "Taariko laba-cirifoodka ah ayaa xisaabiya ilaa 80% culeyska guud ee dulsaarka, iyo taarikada lagu sameeyay Boston Materials' ZRT waxay ka fudud yihiin 50% taarikada birta ah ee hadda jirta. Miisaan-dhimistan waxay kordhisaa awoodda unugga shidaalka 30%,” ayay tiri Boston Materials.

Jaamacadda Houston ee Texas Center for Superconductivity (TcSUH) ayaa soo saartay NiFe (nickel iyo iron) ku salaysan koronto-kataliye ku salaysan CuCo (copper-cobalt) si ay u abuurto koronto-siin biyaha badda ah oo tayo sare leh. TcSUH waxay sheegtay in koronto-kataaliye-bireed-badan uu yahay "mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu waxqabadka wanaagsan dhammaan qalabka korontada-ku-saleysan ee OER-ka ee la soo sheegay." Kooxda cilmi-baarista, oo uu hoggaaminayo Prof. Zhifeng Ren, ayaa hadda la shaqeynaya Element Resources, shirkad fadhigeedu yahay Houston oo ku takhasustay mashaariicda hydrogen-ga cagaaran. Waraaqda TcSUH, oo dhawaan lagu daabacay Tilaabooyinka Akademiyada Qaranka ee Sayniska, ayaa sharraxaysa in falcelinta korriinka oksijiinta ee habboon (OER) ee korantada biyaha badda ay u baahan tahay inay u adkaysato biyaha badda ee wasakhaysan oo ay ka fogaato gaaska chlorine sida wax soo saarka dhinaca, iyada oo la dhimayo kharashyada. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay sheegeen in kiilo kasta oo hydrogen ah oo lagu soo saaro electrolysis ee biyaha badda uu sidoo kale dhalin karo 9 kg oo biyo saafi ah.

Cilmi-baarayaasha jaamacadda Strathclyde ayaa cilmi-baaris cusub ku sheegay in polymers-ka ay ku raran yihiin iridium ay yihiin sawir-qaadayaal ku habboon, maadaama ay biyaha u kala gooyaan hydrogen iyo qiimaha oxygen si waxtar leh. Polymers runtii waa la daabici karaa, "u oggolaanaya isticmaalka teknoolojiyadda daabacaadda kharash-ku-ool ah si kor loogu qaado," ayay yiraahdeen cilmi-baarayaashu. Daraasadda, "Photocatalytic guud ahaan biyaha kala qaybsanaanta iftiinka muuqda ee awood u leh polymer conjugated particulate oo ku raran iridium," ayaa dhawaan lagu daabacay Angewandte Chemie, joornaal ay maamusho Ururka Kiimikada Jarmalka. "Sawiriyeyaasha (polymers) ayaa ah kuwo aad u xiiso badan maadaama hantidooda lagu hagaajin karo iyadoo la adeegsanayo hababka synthetic, taas oo u oggolaanaysa hagaajinta fudud iyo habaysan ee qaab dhismeedka mustaqbalka iyo in la wanaajiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa dheeraad ah," ayuu yiri cilmi-baare Sebastian Sprick.

Fortescue Future Industries (FFI) iyo Firstgas Group waxay saxeexeen heshiis is afgarad oo aan xidhnayn si loo aqoonsado fursadaha lagu soo saaro oo loogu qaybiyo hydrogen-ga cagaaran guryaha iyo ganacsiyada New Zealand. “Bishii Maarso 2021, Firstgas waxa ay ku dhawaaqday qorshe lagu baabi’inayo shabakadda dhuumaha New Zealand iyada oo laga beddelayo gaasta dabiiciga ah loona beddelayo hydrogen. Laga bilaabo 2030, hydrogen waxa lagu milmi doonaa isku-xidhka gaasta dabiiciga ah ee Jasiiradda Waqooyi, iyada oo loo beddelayo 100% shabaqyada hydrogen marka la gaadho 2050,” ayay tidhi FFI. Waxay xustay inay sidoo kale xiisaynayso inay la shaqeyso shirkadaha kale aragtida "Pilbara cagaaran" ee mashaariicda baaxadda leh. Pilbara waa dhul qalalan, oo ay dadku ku yar yihiin oo ku yaal qaybta waqooyi ee Galbeedka Australia.

Duulimaadka H2 waxa ay la saxeexatay iskaashi istiraatijiyadeed oo ay la gashay hawlwadeenka kirada diyaaradaha ee FalconAir. "Duulista H2 waxay heli doontaa hangarka FalconAir Bankstown, tas-hiilaadka iyo shatiyada hawlgalka si ay u bilaabaan dhismaha diyaaradii ugu horeysay ee hydrogen ku shaqaynaysa Australia," Aviation H2 ayaa yidhi, isaga oo intaa ku daray in ay ku socoto waddadii lagu dhigi lahaa diyaarad cirka dhexda 2023.

Hydroplane waxay saxeexday qandaraaskeedii labaad ee Ciidanka Cirka ee Maraykanka (USAF) Wareejinta Tignoolajiyada Ganacsiga Yaryar. "Heshiiskani wuxuu u oggolaanayaa shirkadda, iyada oo lala kaashanayo Jaamacadda Houston, inay muujiso qaabka injineernimada ee tamarta tamarta unugyada hydrogen ee ku salaysan bannaanka dhulka iyo duulimaadka," Hydroplane ayaa sidaas yidhi. Shirkaddu waxay rabta inay duuliso diyaaradeeda bandhigga sanadka 2023. Xalka 200 kW modular waa inuu beddelaa dhirta dabka ee hadda jira ee hal matoor iyo goobo dhaqdhaqaaqa hawada magaalada.

Bosch waxa uu sheegay in ay ku maalgelin doonto ilaa €500 milyan ($527.6 milyan) dhamaadka tobanka sano ee ay ku leedahay xalalka dhaqdhaqaaqa ganacsiga qaybteeda ganacsiga si ay u horumariso "xidhmada, qaybta xudunta u ah electrolyzer." Bosch wuxuu isticmaalayaa tignoolajiyada PEM. "Iyada oo ay jiraan warshado tijaabo ah oo loo qorsheeyay in ay bilaabaan shaqada sanadka soo socda, shirkaddu waxay qorsheyneysaa inay bixiso qalabkan casriga ah ee soo saarayaasha dhirta elektiroonigga ah iyo bixiyeyaasha adeegga warshadaha laga bilaabo 2025," ayay tiri shirkaddu, iyada oo intaa ku dartay in ay diiradda saari doonto wax soo saarka ballaaran iyo dhaqaalaha baaxadda xarumaheeda Jarmalka, Austria, Czech Republic, iyo Nederlaan. Shirkaddu waxay filaysaa in qaybaha korantada ee suuqa ay gaaraan ku dhawaad ​​€14 bilyan marka la gaaro 2030.

RWE waxay xaqiijisay oggolaanshaha maalgelinta 14 MW xarunta tijaabada korantada ee Lingen, Jarmalka. Dhismaha ayaa lagu wadaa inuu bilaabmo bisha June. "RWE waxay ujeedadeedu tahay in ay isticmaasho xarunta tijaabada ah si ay u tijaabiso laba teknoolajiyada elektaroonigga ah ee xaaladaha warshadaha: Dresden saaraha Sunfire wuxuu ku rakibi doonaa korantada cadaadiska-alkalineed ee awoodda 10 MW ee RWE," shirkadda Jarmalka ayaa tiri. "Is barbar socda, Linde, oo ah hormuudka gaaska warshadaha caalamiga ah iyo shirkadda injineernimada, waxay dejin doontaa 4 MW proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. RWE waxay lahaan doontaa oo ay maamuli doontaa dhammaan goobta Lingen." RWE waxay maalgashan doontaa €30 milyan, halka gobolka Lower Saxony uu ku biirin doono €8 milyan. Xarunta electrolyzer-ka waa in ay soo saartaa ilaa 290 kg oo hydrogen cagaaran ah saacadii laga bilaabo guga 2023. "Wejiga hawlgalka tijaabada ah ayaa marka hore la qorsheeyay muddo saddex sano ah, iyada oo ikhtiyaarka ah sanad dheeraad ah," ayuu yiri RWE, isagoo xusay in ay sidoo kale leedahay. bilaabay hababka ansixinta ee dhismaha xarunta kaydinta hydrogen ee Gronau, Germany.

Dawladda federaalka ee Jarmalka iyo gobolka Saxony-hoose ayaa saxeexay warqad ay ku doonayaan inay kaga shaqeeyaan kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha. Waxay ujeedadoodu tahay inay fududeeyaan baahiyaha kala-duwanaanshaha muddada-gaaban ee dalka, iyadoo sidoo kale la waafajinayo hydrogen-ga cagaaran iyo waxyaabaha ka soo baxa. "Horumarinta qaababka LNG soo dejinta ee H2-diyaar u ah ma aha oo kaliya caqli-gal muddada dhow iyo muddada dhexe, laakiin gabi ahaanba lama huraan," maamulka Lower Saxony ayaa ku yiri bayaan.

Gasgrid Finland iyo dhiggeeda Iswidhan, Nordion Energi, ayaa ku dhawaaqay bilaabista marinka Nordic Hydrogen Route, mashruuca kaabayaasha haydaroojin ee xudduudaha ka gudba ee gobolka Baay ee Bothnia, marka la gaaro 2030. ka qaadida tamarta wax soosaarayaasha una gudbisa macaamiisha si loo hubiyo inay helaan suuq hydrogen ah oo furan, la isku halayn karo, iyo badbaado leh. Kaabayaasha tamarta isku dhafan ayaa isku xiri doona macaamiisha gobolka oo dhan, laga bilaabo soosaarayaasha hydrogen iyo e-fuels ilaa kuwa birta sameeya, kuwaas oo u heellan inay abuuraan silsilado iyo alaabooyin cusub oo qiimeeya iyo sidoo kale inay kaarbooneeyaan hawlahooda,” ayuu yidhi Gasgrid Finland. Baahida gobolka ee hydrogen waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in ay dhaafto 30 TWh marka la gaaro 2030, iyo ku dhawaad ​​65 TWh marka la gaaro 2050.

Thierry Breton, Wakiilka Midowga Yurub ee Suuqa Gudaha, ayaa toddobaadkan kula kulmay 20 maamule sare oo ka socda waaxda wax soo saarka elektaroonigga Yurub ee Brussels si ay ugu gogol xaarto gaaritaanka ujeedooyinka Isgaarsiinta REPowerEU, kaas oo ujeedadiisu tahay 10 metrik ton oo ah hydrogen la cusboonaysiin karo iyo 10 metrik ton oo alaab ah marka la gaaro 2030. Sida laga soo xigtay Hydrogen Europe, kulanka ayaa diiradda lagu saaray qaab-dhismeedka sharciyeed, helitaanka fudud ee maaliyadda, iyo isdhexgalka silsiladda sahayda. Hay'adda fulinta Yurub waxay doonaysaa awoodda korantada ee lagu rakibay 90 GW ilaa 100 GW marka la gaaro 2030.

BP waxay daaha ka qaaday qorshayaal usbuucan lagu dhisayo tas-hiilaad wax-soo-saar hydrogen oo ballaaran oo ku yaal Teesside, England, iyadoo mid diiradda lagu saarayo hydrogen buluug iyo mid kale oo hydrogen-ka cagaaran ah. "Si wadajir ah, ujeeddadiisu tahay in la soo saaro 1.5 GW of hydrogen by 2030 - 15% ee dawladda UK 10 GW bartilmaameedka 2030," ayay tiri shirkaddu. Waxay qorsheyneysaa inay ku maalgeliso GBP 18 bilyan ($ 22.2 bilyan) tamarta dabaysha, CCS, dallacaadda EV, iyo saliidda iyo gaaska cusub. Shell, ayaa dhanka kale sheegtay in laga yaabo in ay kordhiso danaheeda hydrogen dhowrka bilood ee soo socda. Maamulaha guud ee Ben van Beurden ayaa sheegay in Shell ay "aad ugu dhowdahay inay sameyso dhowr go'aano maalgashi oo waaweyn oo ku saabsan hydrogen ee Waqooyi-galbeed ee Yurub," iyadoo diiradda la saarayo hydrogen buluug iyo cagaar.

Anglo American ayaa soo bandhigtay nooc ka mid ah gawaarida xamuulka qaada ee ugu weyn caalamka ee ku shaqeeya haydarojiin. Waxaa loogu talagalay inay ku shaqeyso xaaladaha macdanta maalinlaha ah ee macdanta Mogalakwena PGMs ee Koonfur Afrika. "2 MW hydrogen-battery hybrid gaari, oo dhalinaya awood ka badan kii hore ee naaftada, awoodna u leh qaadista 290-ton, waa qayb ka mid ah Anglo American nuGen Zero Emission Haulage Solution (ZEHS)," ayay tiri shirkaddu.